The import - factor takes up risks of the importer, checks it and guarantees to the export - factor payment of the goods, delivered by the exporter. If the importer does not pay the goods, the import - factor pays for it.
The export - factor takes up risks connected to delivery of the goods by the exporter and if necessary finances the exporter, not waiting receptions of payment from the importer or import - factor. The advantage of two- factor factoring consists that for the company serving the importer, the debt requirements are internal, instead of external, as for factoring of the company of the exporter. At the same time it assumes high costs of the parties.
The second model international factoring - straight line import factoring. The direct import factoring circuit consists of the following stages: 1. The inquiry of a limit / maintenance is brave; 2. Delivery / dispatch of the invoice; 3. Payment.
Direct import factoring it is meaningful only in that case, when the export makes in one or two countries. If the exporter has of the contractors in many countries, the conclusion of one agreement with factoring by the company of the country will be more convenient, than lot of the direct agreements with factoring by the companies of other states.
In case of direct import factoring factor - the firm of the country - importer concludes the agreement with the exporter about the debt requirements on the given country, carrying out insurance of credit risk, account and requirements being for factoring of the company internal. At the same time the crediting of the foreign exporter in foreign for factoring of the company to currency is inconvenient enough, and the condition about the advance payment meets in the similar agreements extremely seldom. Thus, straight line import factoring can be of interest for firms, which do not need immediate financing under the requirement.
The basic direct export factoring stages are those: 1. Inquiry limit / maintenance of risk; 2. Delivery / dispatch of the invoice; 3. Financing; 4. Payment.
Thus the company factoring collides with significant difficulties in an estimation of credit status of the foreign clients and the requirements. For an estimation of risk or for reinsurance the export - factor can connect a society on insurance of the credits in the country of the importer or insure itself by guarantees of the appropriate state organization. At use of this variant factoring it is possible to receive favorable conditions of financing of export deliveries at a covering on the part of the state insurance company.
Feature foreign trade factoring as a whole is it always open character, and also absence of the right of recourse to the supplier on export. International factoring allows the importer on a constant basis to receive the goods with a delay of payment (usually about three months). The obligation of payment is assigned to the importer after acceptance of commodity delivery on quality and quantity.
At the second stage the foreign exporter, having received from the export - factor the acknowledgement of factor - bank on reliability of the Russian importer, ships the goods or renders services.
At the third stage the foreign exporter requires updating turnaround means, at the fourth stage, the factor - firm in the advance payment pays to the exporter cost of the goods or given services.
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